White lotus society ap world history

AP World History - Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization



Otto van Bismarck hosted European powers in Berlin in 1884 to discuss land claims in African Congo - encouraging colonialism



By 1914, almost all of Africa was colonized by Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium (except Ethiopia and Liberia)



Europeans added substantial infrastructure to the continent, but stripped Africa of resources, most exercised direct rule and implementation of customs over African people (except British who were already busy with India)



Europeans disregarded African boundaries, cut tribal land in half or forced enemy tribes together, ignoring history and culture



Traditional African culture also started falling apart







Chapter 14 - The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur





Chapter 14
The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur


Introduction

Mongols ended/interrupted many great postclassical empires

Extended world network – foundation for interaction on global scale

Forged mightiest war machine

Four khanates – sons divided

Ruled for 150 years

Last time nomadic peoples dominated sedentary peoples



Paradox of rule – fierce fighters vs. tolerant/peaceful leaders



The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan

Introduction

difficult to organize before Chinggis Khan

divisions/rivalries

Khan – astute political strategist/brilliant military commander



Nomadic world – horse culture

Lived on herds – meat, milk, traded hides for grain/vegetables

Tough little ponies

Children ride from early age

Could even sleep/eat on horse

Animal power/seasonal migrations

Movable shelters



Political organization

Like Bedouins – kin/clan based – combined in confederations when needed

Men dominated but women could influence tribal meetings/home

Leadership qualities – courage, alliance forging ability







The Making of a Great Warrior: T


Topic 2.2

📍 Topic 2.2 The Mongol Empire and the Modern World

📖 AMSCO p.85 - p.91

Main Idea


⭐ The Mongols, during the 13th century, conducted a sweeping campaign of conquest across Eurasia, causing widespread destruction and chaos. Their fearsome reputation for slaughter extended beyond their actual conquests. Despite their brutality, the Mongols inadvertently fostered a period of unprecedented interregional connection and exchange, unlike anything seen during their time.


Key Timeline



Timeline of the Mongol Empire

Image Courtesy of Jed Quiaoit

Things to Know


The Mongols and Their Surroundings:
**


pastoral nomads, herders, and hunter-foragers 🐴

grouped by clans and valued warfare and hunting

close proximity to Silk Roads = easy access to luxury goods (e.g., silk clothes, gold jewelry)




Genghis Khan






Khan:



formed alliances and elected Mongol ruler 1210 C.E.

conquered central and western Asia, northern China, eastern Persia



Unconventional War Strategies:

strong riders, proficient in bows

use of messenger forces

siege weapons

incorporated technology of invaded territories. 🏹





Pax Mongolica:

“Mongolian peace”

new bridges

religious tol

AP world history: Unit 2 Flashcards



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junk

A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel.

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mongol empire

an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe.

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flying cash

Enabled merchants to deposit good or cash at one location and draw the equivalent in cash or merchandise elsewhere in China.

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bill of exchange

a document stating the holder was legally promised payment of a set amount on a set date

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hanseatic league

a commercial alliance between northern germany and scandinavian

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genghis khan

A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia.

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khanates

The states ruled by a khan; the four units into which Chinggis divided the Mongol Empire.

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