Spice islands ap world history
AP World History Unit 6 - Lesson 6.2
Note
Topic: State Expansion
Imperialism in Africa
Although European countries banned slave trading in the 1800s, they continued to export manufactured goods to Africa in exchange for natural resources like palm oil and diamonds.
In the 1800s European rule in Africa was limited to trading posts but with the help of military technology, they expanded their influence.
Suez Canal
: Man made waterway connecting the Mediterranean sea to the red sea for efficient travel to Asia.
Corvee Workers
: Unpaid workers who preformed labor as a form of taxation.
Although nations like Britain used some diplomacy to expand their power in Africa, European competition for African colonies made warfare inevitable.
Settler Colony
: Colonies where large numbers of people settled to live, rather than sending just military or economic administrators to exploit a region.
Algeria became a settler colony after France drove the Ottoman Empire out, it was attractive for European immigrants and led to French trading posts expanding in Africa.
The Scramble for Africa
As European imperialist powers looked for resources in Africa for their industrial deman
AP World History Unit 6 - Lesson 6.5
Note
Economic Imperialism
Rise of Economic Imperialism
Economic Imperialism
: the use of economic power to take control over other countries/regions/peoples.
Industrialized states exploited countries such as Britain to India, for their raw materials and people.
Economic Imperialism in Asia
East India Company
: Joint stock company formed in 1600 to engage in spice trade.
Cotton and silk textiles took over spices as the major import of the British East India company, eventually cotton was just exported to Britain to remove any competition for British textile industries.
The Dutch East India Company had a monopoly on exporting from the
Spice Islands
but shifted to agricultural production when the Dutch government took direct control of the East Indies.
Culture System:
Implemented by the Dutch in the East Indies, farmers could choose whether to farm cash crops for preform corvee labor.
Corvee Labor
: Forced labor directed by government, typically for public infrastructure projects.
The British desired poreclain and silk from China, but China wasn’t interested in anything they had to offer. The East India Company made Indi
Spice Islands (Moluccas): 250 Years of Maps (1521–1760)
The Indonesian archipelago of the Moluccas (or Maluku Islands), commonly referred to as the Spice Islands, lies on the equator north of Australia and west of New Guinea. Though there are hundreds of islands in the group (most are very small), only a handful figure prominently in the history of the European spice trade, including today’s Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, and Bacan—essentially the ones shown on the surrounding maps. Until the 1700s, these rain-forested, luxuriant, volcanic islands were the only or best sources of such spices as cloves, nutmeg, and mace.
Arab traders introduced cloves to Europeans around the fourth century but sought to keep their sources secret. Their monopoly was broken by the Portuguese after Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497. The Portuguese strengthened their stranglehold on the spice trade during the sixteenth century, when they found the central locus of the spices to be these islands. One of the native traditions was to plant a clove tree when a child was born,
key term - Magellan
Definition
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer best known for leading the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe from 1519 to 1522. His journey not only demonstrated the vastness of the Earth but also opened up new trade routes and provided significant insights into geography and navigation, marking a turning point in global exploration.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Magellan set sail from Spain in 1519 with five ships, aiming to find a new route to the Spice Islands in Indonesia.
He discovered the Strait of Magellan, a navigable sea route located at the southern tip of South America, which is named after him.
Although Magellan died in the Philippines in 1521 during a conflict with local tribes, his expedition continued under Juan Sebastián Elcano and successfully returned to Spain in 1522.
The journey took nearly three years and covered approximately 42,000 miles, providing valuable information about the world's oceans and continents.
Magellan's expedition is considered one of the greatest maritime achievements in history, as it proved that the Earth was round and that it was possible to sail around it.
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