Russian revolution ap world history



APWH Chapter 34 Notes




Russian Revolution




Prior to WWI




Defeat in Crimean war leads to rapid industrialization



Russia is more agricultural/feudal than the rest of Europe



Defeat in Russo-Japanese war





Emancipation of Serfs



freed to provide labor source for factories



Little change in social position





Rapid Industrialization causes revolts



Tsar forced to establish






Russia During WWI




Russia weak against industrial Austria-Hungary and Germany



highest number of war deaths (3.3 Million)





War Increases instability:



increased production for millitary



food shortages (sent to soldiers)



Soldiers multiny against war



people call for end to war



Tsar at front lines/weak government






Rasputin



Who:
, a Russian mystic and advisor to the family.


What:
He gained influence over the Russian royal family due to his alleged healing powers and charisma.


Where:
Russia, particularly in St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.


When:
Early 20th century, during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II.


Why:
Rasputin's influence over the royal family led to controversy and contributed to the decline of the Romanov dynasty.


Died:
People

Note

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Russia’s Problems in 1916

Most Russian are poor

90% peasant farmers

10% factory workers in cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg

Not enough industrialization

Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany each produce more goods than Russia

Russia is losing WWI because of lack of guns, cannons, and supplies for soldiers



The Bolsheviks

A political party in the Russian Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin that took control of the Revolution in 1917

Pulled Russia out of WWI

Renamed Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Also known as the Soviet Union



Made the economy a Communist system



Vladimir Lenin - Plans

War Communism

1917-1921

Russia left WWI

Bolshevik government controlled farms, resources, and factories

Strikes were illegal

Food was taken from peasant farms and given to urban workers



New Economic Plan

1921-1928

Gave peasants their own land

Allowed them to buy and sell in markets





Lenin Dies

1924

Joseph Stalin took over



Joseph Stalin - Economic Plans

Stalin’s economic policy was called the Five-Year Plan

Forced peasants to move to large “collective farms”

For

AP World History World War I and Russian Revolution Terms Flashcards



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Archduke Ferdinand

Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914; precipitated World War I.

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Western Front

war line between Belgium and Switzerland during World War I; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants

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Eastern Front

war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russsians, and Balkan nations fought

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Nicholas II

Russian tsar; (r. 1894-1917); executed 1918

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Armenian Genocide

launched by Young Turk leaders in 1915; claimed up to one million lives

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League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

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Armistice

November 11, 1918 agreement by Germans to suspend hostilities

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Georges Clemenceau

A French premier who pushed for the peace conference to force the Germans to pay for t




Source 2:
Nandezhda Krupskaya, Lenin's wife and secretary, describes their return to Russia (1917)


Nandezhda Konstantinovni Krupskaya, Lenin; ed. H. Isaxs, 1960




​The masses of Petrograd—workers, soldiers and sailors—came to welcome their leader.... We were in the midst of a surging sea of people. No one who has not lived through the revolution can have any idea of its solemn grandeur. Red banners, a guard of honor of Kronstadt sailors, searchlights from the Peter and Paul fortress ..., armoured cars, files of working men and women guarding the road. , When llyich stepped out on to the platform, a captain came up to him, stood at attention and reported. Taken by surprise, Ilyich returned the salute. A guard of honor was lined up on the platform, and
Ilyich was led past it. . .. Then we were seated in motor-cars, while llyich was placed on an armoured car . . "Long live the socialist world revolution!" llyich shouted into the vast crowd swarming around us.
llyich already felt the beginning of that revolution in every fibre of his being.