Russian revolution ap world history
APWH Chapter 34 Notes
Russian Revolution
Prior to WWI
Defeat in Crimean war leads to rapid industrialization
Russia is more agricultural/feudal than the rest of Europe
Defeat in Russo-Japanese war
Emancipation of Serfs
freed to provide labor source for factories
Little change in social position
Rapid Industrialization causes revolts
Tsar forced to establish
Russia During WWI
Russia weak against industrial Austria-Hungary and Germany
highest number of war deaths (3.3 Million)
War Increases instability:
increased production for millitary
food shortages (sent to soldiers)
Soldiers multiny against war
people call for end to war
Tsar at front lines/weak government
Rasputin
Who:
, a Russian mystic and advisor to the family.
What:
He gained influence over the Russian royal family due to his alleged healing powers and charisma.
Where:
Russia, particularly in St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.
When:
Early 20th century, during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II.
Why:
Rasputin's influence over the royal family led to controversy and contributed to the decline of the Romanov dynasty.
Died:
People
Note
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Russia’s Problems in 1916
Most Russian are poor
90% peasant farmers
10% factory workers in cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg
Not enough industrialization
Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany each produce more goods than Russia
Russia is losing WWI because of lack of guns, cannons, and supplies for soldiers
The Bolsheviks
A political party in the Russian Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin that took control of the Revolution in 1917
Pulled Russia out of WWI
Renamed Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Also known as the Soviet Union
Made the economy a Communist system
Vladimir Lenin - Plans
War Communism
1917-1921
Russia left WWI
Bolshevik government controlled farms, resources, and factories
Strikes were illegal
Food was taken from peasant farms and given to urban workers
New Economic Plan
1921-1928
Gave peasants their own land
Allowed them to buy and sell in markets
Lenin Dies
1924
Joseph Stalin took over
Joseph Stalin - Economic Plans
Stalin’s economic policy was called the Five-Year Plan
Forced peasants to move to large “collective farms”
For
AP World History World War I and Russian Revolution Terms Flashcards
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Archduke Ferdinand
Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914; precipitated World War I.
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Western Front
war line between Belgium and Switzerland during World War I; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants
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Eastern Front
war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russsians, and Balkan nations fought
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Nicholas II
Russian tsar; (r. 1894-1917); executed 1918
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Armenian Genocide
launched by Young Turk leaders in 1915; claimed up to one million lives
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League of Nations
A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.
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Armistice
November 11, 1918 agreement by Germans to suspend hostilities
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Georges Clemenceau
A French premier who pushed for the peace conference to force the Germans to pay for t
Source 2:
Nandezhda Krupskaya, Lenin's wife and secretary, describes their return to Russia (1917)
Nandezhda Konstantinovni Krupskaya, Lenin; ed. H. Isaxs, 1960
The masses of Petrograd—workers, soldiers and sailors—came to welcome their leader.... We were in the midst of a surging sea of people. No one who has not lived through the revolution can have any idea of its solemn grandeur. Red banners, a guard of honor of Kronstadt sailors, searchlights from the Peter and Paul fortress ..., armoured cars, files of working men and women guarding the road. , When llyich stepped out on to the platform, a captain came up to him, stood at attention and reported. Taken by surprise, Ilyich returned the salute. A guard of honor was lined up on the platform, and
Ilyich was led past it. . .. Then we were seated in motor-cars, while llyich was placed on an armoured car . . "Long live the socialist world revolution!" llyich shouted into the vast crowd swarming around us.
llyich already felt the beginning of that revolution in every fibre of his being.